Why Is My Older Dog Shaking? Causes & Answers

If your older dog is shaking, it could be a sign of many things, from simple excitement or cold to more serious medical conditions. It’s important to observe your dog’s behavior and consult your veterinarian to pinpoint the exact cause and appropriate treatment. This shaking can manifest as tremors or involuntary movements, and while some causes are benign, others warrant immediate medical attention.

As dogs age, their bodies change, making them more susceptible to various health issues. Shaking in senior dogs is a common concern for many pet owners, and it’s natural to worry when you notice something different about your beloved companion. This comprehensive guide aims to shed light on the various reasons why your older dog might be shaking, offering potential answers and encouraging proactive pet health management.

Common Reasons for Shaking in Senior Dogs

Older dogs can shake for a multitude of reasons, ranging from environmental factors to underlying diseases. Identifying the pattern of shaking – when it happens, how severe it is, and if it’s accompanied by other symptoms – is crucial for diagnosis.

Temperature and Environmental Factors

One of the most straightforward reasons a dog might shake is simply being cold. Just like humans, dogs can shiver to generate body heat when their core temperature drops.

Cold Weather: If you live in a cooler climate or it’s a chilly day, your dog might be shaking because they are physically cold. Older dogs, especially those with thinner coats or less body fat, can be more sensitive to the cold.
Shivering After Wetting: Similar to being cold, a dog that has been in water or is wet might shake to warm up.
Anxiety and Stress: Shaking can also be a physiological response to stress or fear. Changes in environment, loud noises (like fireworks or thunderstorms), or separation from their owner can trigger anxiety, leading to shaking. This is often accompanied by other signs of stress, such as panting, yawning, or tucked tails.

Physiological Responses

Beyond external temperature, certain internal physiological states can also cause shaking.

Excitement or Anticipation: Some dogs, regardless of age, will shake when they are overly excited about something, like going for a walk, mealtime, or greeting their favorite person. This is typically a mild, temporary tremor.
Nausea or Discomfort: Shaking can sometimes accompany gastrointestinal upset or general discomfort. If your dog is feeling unwell, they might shiver.

Underlying Medical Conditions Causing Shaking

This is where the concern for pet health really comes into play. Many medical conditions that affect older dogs can manifest as shaking.

Neurological Issues

Neurological issues are a significant concern for shaking in older dogs. As the brain and nervous system age, they can be affected by various diseases.

Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD): Similar to dementia in humans, CCD can affect older dogs, causing a range of behavioral changes, including disorientation, altered sleep patterns, and sometimes tremors.
Idiopathic Head Tremors: This condition causes rhythmic head bobbing or shaking, often described as the dog looking like they are saying “yes” or “no.” The cause is unknown, but it’s generally not progressive or debilitating.
Seizures: Shaking can be a symptom of a seizure. This can range from subtle tremors to full-body convulsions. If you suspect your dog is having a seizure, it’s crucial to contact your vet immediately.
Brain Tumors or Lesions: Growths in the brain can put pressure on certain areas, leading to neurological signs like tremors or involuntary movements.
Vestibular Disease: This condition affects the balance system in the inner ear and brain, and while it primarily causes head tilting and loss of balance, some dogs might exhibit head tremors.

Age-Related Conditions

As dogs age, certain natural processes can lead to changes that include shaking.

Arthritis and Pain: Osteoarthritis and other painful conditions are common in older dogs. Shaking or tremors can be a sign of pain, especially in the limbs or when trying to stand or move. They might also tremble due to general weakness associated with chronic pain.
Muscle Atrophy: With age, dogs can experience a loss of muscle mass. This weakness can sometimes lead to trembling, particularly in the hindquarters, when they are trying to hold a position or stand up.

Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders

Disruptions in the body’s chemical balance can also cause shaking.

Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia): This is particularly a concern for diabetic dogs or those with other metabolic diseases. Shaking can be a sign of dangerously low blood glucose levels.
Electrolyte Imbalances: Abnormal levels of potassium, calcium, or other electrolytes can affect muscle and nerve function, leading to tremors.
Liver Disease: When the liver isn’t functioning properly, toxins can build up in the bloodstream, affecting brain function and potentially causing shaking.
Kidney Disease: Similar to liver disease, impaired kidney function can lead to the accumulation of toxins, impacting the nervous system.

Other Medical Conditions

Several other medical conditions can also be the culprit.

Heart Disease: Dogs with heart conditions might experience reduced blood flow and oxygen to the brain and muscles, which can manifest as shaking or weakness.
Infections: Certain infections, especially those affecting the nervous system, can cause tremors.
Toxicity/Poisoning: Ingestion of certain toxins or poisons can cause neurological signs, including shaking. If you suspect your dog has ingested something harmful, seek immediate veterinary care.
Addison’s Disease (Hypoadrenocorticism): This endocrine disorder affects the adrenal glands and can lead to a variety of symptoms, including shaking, weakness, and lethargy.

Medication Side Effects

It’s also important to consider if your dog is on any medications. Some drugs can have side effects that include tremors or shaking.

Steroids: Medications like prednisone can cause increased activity and sometimes trembling.
Certain Heart Medications: Some cardiac drugs can have side effects that affect muscle control.
Anti-seizure Medications: While used to treat seizures, some anti-epileptic drugs can cause mild tremors as a side effect.

Diagnosing the Cause of Shaking

When you notice your older dog shaking, the first and most important step is to schedule an appointment with your veterinarian. They will conduct a thorough examination and may recommend various diagnostic tests to determine the cause.

Veterinary Examination

During the vet visit, expect the following:

Medical History: The vet will ask detailed questions about when the shaking started, when it occurs, how long it lasts, and if there are any other symptoms present. Be prepared to describe the nature of the shaking (e.g., whole body, just legs, head bobbing).
Physical Examination: The veterinarian will perform a complete physical exam, checking your dog’s vital signs, heart and lung sounds, abdomen, and neurological function. They will also assess for signs of pain, stiffness, or weakness.
Neurological Assessment: This will involve checking reflexes, gait, balance, coordination, and eye movements to evaluate the health of the nervous system.

Diagnostic Tests

Depending on the initial assessment, your vet may suggest further tests:

Bloodwork:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): Helps identify infections, anemia, and other blood-related issues.
- Serum Chemistry Panel: Evaluates organ function (liver, kidneys), electrolyte levels, and blood glucose. This is crucial for detecting metabolic or endocrine disorders.
- Thyroid Panel: To rule out hypothyroidism, which can cause various neurological and metabolic symptoms.
Urinalysis: Assesses kidney function and can help detect urinary tract infections or metabolic abnormalities.
Imaging:
- X-rays: Can reveal signs of arthritis, joint problems, or heart enlargement.
- Ultrasound: Provides detailed images of internal organs to check for abnormalities in the liver, kidneys, or other abdominal structures.
- MRI or CT Scan: These advanced imaging techniques are essential for diagnosing neurological issues like brain tumors, strokes, or inflammation within the central nervous system.
Specialized Tests:
- Electromyography (EMG) or Nerve Conduction Studies: May be used to assess specific nerve or muscle disorders.
- Electroencephalogram (EEG): Used to detect abnormal brain wave activity, which can indicate seizure disorders.

What You Can Do at Home

While waiting for your vet appointment or as part of a management plan, there are several things you can do to help your dog.

Observation and Recording

Keep a Log: Note down the frequency, duration, and severity of the shaking. Record when it happens (e.g., after waking up, during specific activities, at night) and any potential triggers.
Video Recording: If possible, try to capture a video of your dog shaking. This can be incredibly helpful for your veterinarian to see the actual tremors.

Environmental Adjustments

Temperature Control: Ensure your dog is kept in a warm environment, especially during colder months. Provide comfortable bedding and consider a dog coat for outdoor excursions.
Stress Reduction: If anxiety is suspected, try to create a calming environment. Avoid loud noises, provide a safe space, and consider using calming pheromone diffusers or supplements (after consulting your vet).
Mobility Assistance: If weakness or pain is contributing to shaking, consider ramps for stairs, orthopedic beds, or supportive harnesses to aid movement.

Nutritional Support

Balanced Diet: Ensure your dog is on a high-quality diet appropriate for their age and health status.
Supplements: Discuss joint supplements (glucosamine, chondroitin) with your vet if arthritis is suspected. Omega-3 fatty acids can also be beneficial for inflammation and overall health.

Treatment Approaches for Shaking in Older Dogs

The treatment for shaking depends entirely on the underlying cause.

Medical Treatments

Pain Management: For shaking due to pain from arthritis or other conditions, pain medications (NSAIDs, gabapentin, tramadol) will be prescribed by your veterinarian.
Neurological Medications: If neurological issues are identified, specific medications will be used. Anti-seizure medications are common for epilepsy or secondary seizures. Medications may also be prescribed to manage symptoms associated with CCD or other brain conditions.
Hormonal Therapy: For endocrine disorders like hypothyroidism or Addison’s disease, hormone replacement therapy will be necessary.
Dietary Management: For conditions like hypoglycemia or liver disease, specific therapeutic diets will be recommended.
Antibiotics/Antivirals: If an infection is the cause, appropriate antimicrobial treatment will be administered.
Cardiovascular Support: For heart conditions, medications to improve heart function and circulation will be prescribed.

Supportive Care

Physical Therapy: For dogs with muscle weakness or orthopedic issues, rehabilitation exercises and physical therapy can help improve strength and mobility.
Behavioral Modification: For anxiety-related shaking, behavior modification techniques and sometimes anti-anxiety medications may be used.
Surgery: In cases of brain tumors or severe joint issues, surgery might be an option, though it is often reserved for specific treatable conditions.

Management of Age-Related Conditions

Regular Vet Check-ups: Crucial for early detection of age-related diseases.
Environmental Enrichment: Keeping senior dogs mentally stimulated can help with cognitive decline. Puzzle toys, short training sessions, and new experiences (if safe) can be beneficial.
Comfort and Routine: Maintaining a consistent routine and providing a comfortable, supportive environment can reduce stress and improve well-being.

Prognosis and Outlook

The prognosis for a senior dog experiencing shaking varies greatly depending on the cause.

Benign Causes: Shaking due to cold or excitement is not a cause for concern and usually resolves on its own.
Manageable Conditions: Many medical conditions, such as arthritis, mild endocrine disorders, or anxiety, can be effectively managed with medication, diet, and lifestyle changes, allowing dogs to live comfortably for years.
Serious Conditions: Neurological diseases, advanced organ failure, or certain toxicities can have a more guarded prognosis. However, even with serious conditions, supportive care and palliative measures can improve a dog’s quality of life.

The key is early diagnosis and consistent management as advised by your veterinarian.

Table: Common Causes of Shaking in Older Dogs and Potential Signs

Cause of Shaking	Other Potential Signs
Cold/Environmental	Visible goosebumps, seeking warmth, tucked posture.
Anxiety/Stress	Panting, yawning, lip licking, whining, pacing, hiding, destructive behavior.
Pain (e.g., Arthritis)	Limping, reluctance to move, yelping when touched, difficulty rising, changes in posture.
Neurological Issues (e.g., CCD, Tremor Syndromes)	Disorientation, changes in sleep patterns, circling, head bobbing, difficulty with stairs, vision changes.
Metabolic Disorders (e.g., Hypoglycemia)	Lethargy, weakness, stumbling, confusion, seizures, increased thirst/urination.
Organ Disease (Liver/Kidney)	Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, increased thirst/urination, jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes).
Medication Side Effects	Varies by medication; consult medication information or vet.
Muscle Weakness/Atrophy	Difficulty standing or walking, hind limb weakness, wobbling.
Nausea/Gastrointestinal Upset	Vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, lethargy, abdominal tenderness.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can my older dog’s shaking be a sign of something serious?

A: Yes, shaking in older dogs can absolutely be a sign of a serious underlying medical condition, including neurological issues, metabolic disorders, or organ disease. It is always best to consult with your veterinarian to rule out or diagnose any significant health problems.

Q2: How do I know if the shaking is just due to my dog being old?

A: While some age-related changes can cause mild shaking (like weakness from muscle loss), persistent or severe shaking is not a normal part of aging. It’s a symptom that requires veterinary investigation. Your vet can assess if the shaking is linked to age-related conditions like arthritis or more serious diseases.

Q3: What should I do if my dog starts shaking suddenly?

A: If your dog begins shaking suddenly and severely, or if the shaking is accompanied by other concerning symptoms like collapse, difficulty breathing, or disorientation, seek immediate veterinary attention. For less severe or intermittent shaking, schedule a prompt appointment with your vet for a thorough examination.

Q4: Can anxiety cause shaking in older dogs?

A: Yes, anxiety can certainly cause shaking in dogs of any age, including seniors. Changes in their environment, fear of loud noises, or separation anxiety can trigger this physical response.

Q5: Are there any home remedies for shaking?

A: While there are no guaranteed “home remedies” to stop shaking without addressing the cause, managing the dog’s environment (e.g., keeping them warm), providing comfort, and reducing stress can help with certain types of shaking, particularly those related to temperature or anxiety. However, for medical causes, veterinary diagnosis and treatment are essential. Do not administer any medications without veterinary guidance, as some medication side effects can mimic or worsen shaking.

In conclusion, observing your older dog for any signs of shaking is a vital part of ensuring their well-being. By working closely with your veterinarian, you can identify the cause, receive appropriate treatment, and provide the best possible care for your aging companion.